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It has a highly variable genetic diversity therefore it is the genetic source for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, many disease resistance and unique fruit traits. [14] Planting cultivated apple varieties close to wild groves causes crossbreeding. [15]
Pollination may be biotic or abiotic. Biotic pollination relies on living pollinators to move the pollen from one flower to another. Abiotic pollination relies on wind, water or even rain.
Factors of the physical or abiotic environment include temperature, water, light, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the soil. [62] Biotic factors that affect plant growth include crowding, grazing, beneficial symbiotic bacteria and fungi, and attacks by insects or plant diseases. [63] Frost and dehydration can damage or kill plants.
Fruit type has been considered to be a useful character in classification and in understanding the phylogeny of plants. [32] The evolution of fruits with a berry-like pericarp has been studied in a wide range of flowering plant families. Repeated transitions between fleshy and dry pericarps have been demonstrated regularly.
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits , multiple fruits , and simple fruits . In some fruits, the edible portion is not derived from the ovary, but rather from the aril , such as the mangosteen or pomegranate , and the pineapple from which tissues of ...
A plum tree with developing fruit Mandarin Orange tree with fruit An almond tree in bloom. A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans — all trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds.
Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their propagules, including both abiotic vectors such as the wind and living vectors like birds. [14] Seeds can be dispersed away from the parent plant individually or collectively, as well as dispersed in both space and time.
Abiotic components include physical conditions and non-living resources that affect living organisms in terms of growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Resources are distinguished as substances or objects in the environment required by one organism and consumed or otherwise made unavailable for use by other organisms.