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Costumes of slaves or serfs, from the sixth to the twelfth centuries. Slavery in the Early Middle Ages (500–1000) was initially a continuation of earlier Roman practices from late antiquity, and was continued by an influx of captives in the wake of the social chaos caused by the barbarian invasions of the Western Roman Empire. [1]
Frans Post (1612—1680) and Albert Eckhout (c.1610–1665) were two early Dutch painters to depict slavery. Post painted pictures of slaves working in idyllic rural landscapes which do little to reflect the harsh realities of their life. [7] Eckhout's work is a visual record of the ethnic mix in Dutch Brazil. [8] [9]
The trans-Saharan slave trade, established in Antiquity, [20] continued during the Middle Ages. Following the early 8th-century conquest of North Africa, Arabs, Berbers, and other ethnic groups ventured into Sub-Saharan Africa first along the Nile Valley towards Nubia, and also across the Sahara towards West Africa.
Slavery was practiced among all classes. slaves were owned by upper and middle classes, by the poor, and even by other slaves. [ 122 ] From São Paulo , the Bandeirantes , adventurers mostly of mixed Portuguese and native ancestry, penetrated steadily westward in their search for Indians to enslave.
The Venetian slave trade refers to the slave trade conducted by the Republic of Venice, primarily from the Early Middle Ages to the Late Middle Ages. The slave trade was a contributing factor to the early prosperity of the young Republic of Venice as a major trading empire in the Mediterranean Sea .
The status of freedom throughout the Middle Ages, including the Merovingian period, was not as defined as it is today; freedom was considered a bargaining chip by which to attain a better quality of life or economic stability. [5] Legally this form of slavery was not hereditary whereas imposed or forced slavery, such as through capture, was. [6]
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The slaves depicted sometimes vary in skin color (as in The Slave Market of 1871); in all cases a woman or women are for sale, with men as buyers or sellers, but in the background of The Slave Market buyers can be seen inspecting a nude, dark-skinned male, and in the background of Slave Market in Ancient Rome (c. 1884) two enslaved males, one ...