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Intel microcode is microcode that runs inside x86 processors made by Intel. Since the P6 microarchitecture introduced in the mid-1990s, the microcode programs can be patched by the operating system or BIOS firmware to work around bugs found in the CPU after release. [ 1 ]
Below is the full 8086/8088 instruction set of Intel (81 instructions total). [2] These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, they operate instead on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts.
Modern CISC implementations, such as the x86 family starting with the NexGen Nx586, Intel Pentium Pro, and AMD K5. decode instructions into dynamically buffered micro-operations with an instruction encoding similar to RISC or traditional microcode. A hardwired instruction decode unit directly emits microoperations for common x86 instructions ...
The SMM functionality of these processors was implemented using Intel ICE microcode without a valid license, resulting in a lawsuit that AMD lost in late 1994. [10] As a result of this loss, the ICE microcode was removed from all later AMD CPUs, and the SMM instructions removed with it.
Intel promised microcode updates to resolve the vulnerability. [1] The microcode patches have been shown to significantly reduce the performance of some heavily-vectorized loads. [7] Patches to mitigate the effects of the vulnerability have also been created as part of the forthcoming version 6.5 release of the Linux kernel. [8]
In October 2018, Intel disclosed a TSX/TSX-NI memory ordering issue found in some Skylake processors. [26] As a result of a microcode update, HLE support was disabled in the affected CPUs, and RTM was mitigated by sacrificing one performance counter when used outside of Intel SGX mode or System Management Mode . System software would have to ...
This category contains articles about x86-compatible microprocessors by Intel Pages in category "Intel x86 microprocessors" ... Intel microcode; Multi-channel memory ...
The x86 architectures were based on the Intel 8086 microprocessor chip, initially released in 1978. Intel Core 2 Duo, an example of an x86-compatible, 64-bit multicore processor AMD Athlon (early version), a technically different but fully compatible x86 implementation