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Recently, there have been comparative studies of mouse and bat forelimb development to understand the genetic basis of morphological evolution. Consequently, the bat wing is a valuable evo-devo model for studying the evolution of vertebrate limb diversity. Diagram showing homologous skeletal structures of bat and mouse
A bat wing, which is a highly modified forelimb. Bats are the only mammal capable of true flight. Bats use flight for capturing prey, breeding, avoiding predators, and long-distance migration. Bat wing morphology is often highly specialized to the needs of the species. This image is displaying the anatomical makeup of a specific bat wing.
Drawing of the bat wing skin showing the fibers of "mesh like scaffolding" A closeup view of the felt like fiber pattern seen in elephant skin. Bats rely on skin on their wings to generate lift and thrust used in flight. Therefore, the structure of the bat wing skin is different from the skin of the bat body.
A common example of homologous structures is the forelimbs of vertebrates, where the wings of bats and birds, the arms of primates, the front flippers of whales, and the forelegs of four-legged vertebrates like horses and crocodilians are all derived from the same ancestral tetrapod structure.
To achieve flight, a bat exerts force inwards at the points where the membrane meets the skeleton, so that an opposing force balances it on the wing edges perpendicular to the wing surface. This adaptation does not permit bats to reduce their wingspans, unlike birds, which can partly fold their wings in flight, radically reducing the wing span ...
Patagia on a flying squirrel. The patagium (pl.: patagia) is a membranous body part that assists an animal in obtaining lift when gliding or flying.The structure is found in extant and extinct groups of flying and gliding animals including bats, theropod dinosaurs (including birds and some dromaeosaurs), pterosaurs, gliding mammals, some flying lizards, and flying frogs.
The calcar-like structure is not a synapomorphy, they argued, but rather a similar structure that evolved independently in each suborder. [5] In 2000, Adams and Thibault published a book on bat ontogeny that supported this assertion, stating that various evidence "[supports] the hypothesis of independent origins for the microchiropteran calcar ...
The synsacrum is a skeletal structure of birds [1] and other dinosaurs, [2] pterosaurs, [3] as well as xenarthran mammals, [4] in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae. Some posterior thoracic vertebrae, the lumbar, sacral and a few anterior caudal vertebrae are fused to ...