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USP Strong Iodine Tincture is defined in the NF as containing in each 100 mL, 6.8 to 7.5 gram of iodine, and 4.7 to 5.5 gram of potassium iodide. Purified water is 50 mL and the balance is alcohol. This 7% tincture solution is about 3.5 times more concentrated than USP 2% tincture. [citation needed]
Povidone-iodine is a chemical complex of povidone, hydrogen iodide, and elemental iodine. [4] The recommended strength solution contains 10% Povidone, with total iodine species equaling 10,000 ppm or 1% total titratable iodine. [4] It works by releasing iodine which results in the death of a range of microorganisms. [1]
The most commonly used (nominal) 5% solution consists of 5% iodine (I 2) and 10% potassium iodide (KI) mixed in distilled water and has a total iodine content of 126.4 mg/mL. The (nominal) 5% solution thus has a total iodine content of 6.32 mg per drop of 0.05 mL; the (nominal) 2% solution has 2.53 mg total iodine content per drop.
[citation needed] For example, the concentration of iodine in salt has gradually increased in Switzerland: 3.75 mg/kg in 1922, [6] 7.5 mg/kg in 1962, [citation needed] 15 mg/kg in 1980, [citation needed] 20 mg/kg in 1998, and 25 mg/kg since 2014. [7] These increases were found to improve iodine status in the general Swiss population. [8]
The halogens form many binary, diamagnetic interhalogen compounds with stoichiometries XY, XY 3, XY 5, and XY 7 (where X is heavier than Y), and iodine is no exception. Iodine forms all three possible diatomic interhalogens, a trifluoride and trichloride, as well as a pentafluoride and, exceptionally among the halogens, a heptafluoride.
Allergies to povidone-iodine or shellfish do not affect the risk of side effects more than other allergies. [6] Use in the later part of pregnancy may cause hypothyroidism in the baby. [7] Iohexol is an iodinated non-ionic radiocontrast agent. [4] It is in the low osmolar family. [8] Iohexol was approved for medical use in 1985. [9]
Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter , sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism , which results in developmental delays and other health problems.
Goitre is treated according to the cause. If the thyroid gland is producing an excess of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), radioactive iodine is given to the patient to shrink the gland. If goitre is caused by iodine deficiency, small doses of iodide in the form of Lugol's iodine or KI solution are given.
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