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  2. Gemological Institute of America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of...

    The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [ 1 ] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to evaluate gemstone quality.

  3. Emerald - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald

    Emeralds tend to have numerous inclusions and surface-breaking fissures. Unlike diamonds, where the loupe standard (i.e., 10× magnification) is used to grade clarity, emeralds are graded by eye. Thus, if an emerald has no visible inclusions to the eye (assuming normal visual acuity) it is considered flawless. Stones that lack surface breaking ...

  4. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Spanish emerald and gold pendant at Victoria and Albert Museum Enamelled gold, amethyst, and pearl pendant, about 1880, Pasquale Novissimo (1844–1914), V&A Museum number M.36-1928. Gemstones have no universally accepted grading system. Diamonds are graded using a system developed by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in the early ...

  5. List of emeralds by size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emeralds_by_size

    Zambia is the world's second biggest producer, with Kagem mine being the world's largest emerald mine [11] responsible for 25–30% of the world's production of gem-quality stones. [12] In 2019 Kagem emerald mine produced 42.4 million carats of emeralds. [13] The Zambian emerald sector is an important contributor of tax revenue to the Government.

  6. Diamond cut - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_cut

    They grade from 0 to 10, with ranges corresponding to single descriptive words: Ideal (0), Excellent (1), Very Good (2), Good (3-4), Fair (5-7), Poor (8-10). [ 25 ] The GIA began grading cut on every grading report for round brilliant beginning in 2006 [ 26 ] based on their comprehensive study of 20,000 proportions with 70,000 observations of ...

  7. Diamond clarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_clarity

    Diamond certified FL (flawless) by the GIA Two diamonds of grade VS 1 and SI 2 respectively. The GIA diamond grading scale is divided into six categories and eleven grades. [2] The clarity categories and grades are: [3] Flawless category (FL) diamonds have no inclusions or blemishes visible under 10× magnification. [3]

  8. Diamond color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_color

    When color grading is done in the mounting, the grade is expressed as an estimated color grade and commonly as a range of color. Grading mounted diamonds involves holding the mounted diamonds table close to the table facet of the master stone and visually comparing the diamond color under the same color conditions as unmounted diamond grading.

  9. Brilliant (diamond cut) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brilliant_(diamond_cut)

    The 2005 AGS standards penalize stones with "cheated" girdles. They grade from 0 to 10. The GIA began grading cut on every grading report beginning in 2006, based on their comprehensive study of 20,000 proportions with 70,000 observations of 2,000 diamonds. [4] The single descriptive words are as follows: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, and Poor.

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