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Islam is the second-largest religion in Europe after Christianity. [2] Although the majority of Muslim communities in Western Europe formed as a result of immigration, [3] there are centuries-old indigenous European Muslim communities in the Balkans, Caucasus, Crimea, and Volga region.
Pegida, a pan-European far-right political movement founded in 2014 on opposition to immigration from Muslim countries, experienced a resurgence during the refugee crisis, especially in eastern Germany. The movement said that "Western civilisation could soon come to an end through Islam conquering Europe". [194]
The term Muslim Europe is used for the predominantly Muslim countries of Europe, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Kosovo, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.As well as Muslim majority regions in Europe, including western parts of North Macedonia, Sandžak region within Serbia and Montenegro, Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria, [1] and many Muslim majority republics within Russia such as ...
Caldwell asserts that Muslim immigrants are patiently conquering Europe's cities, "street by street." [2] He considers "the most chilling observation" to be that "the debate over Muslim immigration in Europe is one that the continent can't openly have, because anyone remotely critical of Islam is branded as Islamophobic. Europe's citizens ...
Immigration to Europe has a long history, ... (64%) wished for limiting immigration from Muslim countries which was an increase from 2015 (54%). [114]
With 20th-century migrations, Muslims in Western Europe have become a noticeable minority. According to the Pew Forum, the total number of Muslims in Europe in 2010 was about 44 million (6%), [86] [87] while the total number of Muslims in the European Union in 2007 was about 16 million (3.2%). [88]
A survey conducted in 2017 by Chatham House revealed widespread opposition to Muslim immigration across the UK. 47% were opposed to further Muslim immigration meanwhile 23% disagreed with stopping further migration from mainly Muslim countries. This opposition figure was lower than in other European countries, Austria: 65%; Belgium: 64%; France ...
Opposition to immigration from Muslim countries, Muslims, or people with Islamic backgrounds, has been found in many countries throughout the centuries, and has been closely tied with the geopolitics of the Old World and the Middle East, or with religious nationalism and ethnic nationalism.