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Crocodilian form of crurotarsal ankle. The astragalus (pink) is fixed to the tibia (green) by a suture. Adapted with permission from Palaeos. In the type of crurotarsal ankle, which is found in crocodilians and some other archosaurs, the astragalus is fixed to the tibia by a suture, and the joint bends around a peg on the astragalus, which fits into a socket in the calcaneum.
The skull, or cranium, is typically a bony enclosure around the brain of a vertebrate. [1] [2] In some fish, and amphibians, the skull is of cartilage. The skull is at the head end of the vertebrate. In the human the skull comprises two prominent parts: the neurocranium, and the facial skeleton. [3] which evolved from the first pharyngeal arch.
Increased cranial pressure in infants may cause the fontanelles to bulge or the head to begin to enlarge abnormally. [7] It can occur due to: [4] Craniosynostosis – premature fusion of the cranial sutures [8] Encephalitis – swelling (inflammation) of the brain, most often due to infections; Hydrocephalus – a buildup of fluid inside the skull
It forms the main component of the skull roof. The calvaria is made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bones. [1] In the human skull, the sutures between the bones normally remain flexible during the first few years of postnatal development, and fontanelles are palpable. Premature complete ossification ...
Only a comparatively small part of the head at term is represented by the face. The rest of the head is composed of the firm skull, which is made up of two frontal, two parietal, and two temporal bones, along with the upper portion of the occipital bone and the wings of the sphenoid. These bones are separated by membranous spaces, or sutures.
Side view of the skull Human skull side sutures right. A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull (cranial suture). The bones are bound together by Sharpey's fibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. These joints are synarthroses. [1]
The sutures are an essential part of growth and development, allowing the skull to expand as the brain increases in size. Different sutures between the frontal and parietal bones of the skull expand in specific directions, causing a symmetrically shaped human head. [3] The frontal bone and the parietal bones are joined at the frontal suture ...
The point where the coronal suture intersects with the sagittal suture forms a T-shape and is called the bregma. The squamous border is divided into three parts: of these: the anterior is thin and pointed, bevelled at the expense of the outer surface, and overlapped by the tip of the great wing of the sphenoid;