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Its diameter is eleven times that of Earth, and a tenth that of the Sun. Jupiter orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.20 AU (778.5 Gm), with an orbital period of 11.86 years. It is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky, after the Moon and Venus, and has been observed since prehistoric times.
According to the IAU's explicit count, there are eight planets in the Solar System; four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and four giant planets, which can be divided further into two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). When excluding the Sun, the four giant planets account for more than ...
A white dwarf's surface gravity is around 100,000 g (10 6 m/s 2) whilst the neutron star's compactness gives it a surface gravity of up to 7 × 10 12 m/s 2 with typical values of order 10 12 m/s 2 (that is more than 10 11 times that of Earth). One measure of such immense gravity is that neutron stars have an escape velocity of around 100,000 km ...
The standard gravitational parameter μ of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of that body. For two bodies, the parameter may be expressed as G(m1 + m2), or as GM when one body is much larger than the other: For several objects in the Solar System, the value of μ is known to greater accuracy than ...
The precise strength of Earth's gravity varies with location. The agreed-upon value for standard gravity is 9.80665 m/s 2 (32.1740 ft/s 2) by definition. [4] This quantity is denoted variously as gn, ge (though this sometimes means the normal gravity at the equator, 9.7803267715 m/s 2 (32.087686258 ft/s 2)), [5] g0, or simply g (which is also ...
The moon’s gravity slightly bent Juice’s path so it received a much larger gravity assist from Earth. The flyby of Earth reduced Juice’s speed by 10,737 miles per hour (4.8 kilometers per ...
For example, the Schwarzschild radius r s of the Earth is roughly 9 mm (3 ⁄ 8 inch); at the surface of the Earth, the corrections to Newtonian gravity are only one part in a billion. The Schwarzschild radius of the Sun is much larger, roughly 2953 meters, but at its surface, the ratio r s / r is roughly 4 parts in a million.
Just over a year after it was launched, the European Space agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is returning towards Earth on Aug. 19-20 and will use the braking effect of its gravity to ...