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Example of a Markush structure. A Markush structure, Markush group, or a Markush claim is a representation of alternatively useable members. Markush structures are frequently used with chemical structures to indicate a group of related chemical compounds. They are commonly used in chemistry texts and in patent claims.
Example of a Markush structure. The first suggested use for substructure search was in 1957, to reduce the workload of patent examiners. They have to search published literature to decide whether an invention is novel, which for chemical patents often means finding known examples within the generic claims of a Markush structure.
A chemical patent, pharmaceutical patent or drug patent is a patent for an invention in the chemical or pharmaceuticals industry.Strictly speaking, in most jurisdictions, there are essentially no differences between the legal requirements to obtain a patent for an invention in the chemical or pharmaceutical fields, in comparison to obtaining a patent in the other fields, such as in the ...
Structures, Names and Identifiers, Chemical and Physical Properties, Spectral Information, Related Records, Chemical Vendors, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Use and Manufacturing, Safety and Hazards, Toxicity, Literature, Patents, Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways, Biological Test Results
In Diamond v.Chakrabarty, [7] the United States Supreme Court held that a genetically-altered living microorganism was patent-eligible subject matter. The Chakrabarty Court said that "we must determine whether respondent's micro-organism constitutes a 'manufacture' or 'composition of matter' within the meaning of the statute. [8]
Chemical structures are traditionally represented using lines indicating chemical bonds between atoms and drawn on paper (2D structural formulae).While these are ideal visual representations for the chemist, they are unsuitable for computational use and especially for search and storage.
The structure-activity relationship of the drug class has been explored to a reasonable extent. The optimal substitution pattern is fairly tightly defined (i.e. N,N-diethyl on the amine nitrogen, 4-ethoxy on the benzyl ring and 5-nitro on the benzimidazole ring), but even derivatives incorporating only some of these features are still potent opioids.
Version 3.0 also included drug transporter data, drug pathway data, drug pricing, patent and manufacturing data as well as data on >5000 experimental drugs. Version 4.0 was released in 2014. [ 4 ] This version included 1558 FDA-approved small molecule drugs, 155 biotech drugs and 4200 unique drug targets.
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