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Attempting to execute code when the page table has the NX bit (no-execute bit) set in the page table causes a page fault. This can be used by an operating system, in combination with the read-only bit, to provide a Write XOR Execute feature that stops some kinds of exploits. [3]
Example of a system context diagram. [1] A system context diagram in engineering is a diagram that defines the boundary between the system, or part of a system, and its environment, showing the entities that interact with it. [2] This diagram is a high level view of a system. It is similar to a block diagram.
Operating systems provide common services, such as an interface for accessing network and disk devices. This enables an application to be run on different hardware without needing to be rewritten. [15] Which services to include in an operating system varies greatly, and this functionality makes up the great majority of code for most operating ...
Similarly, a page frame is the smallest fixed-length contiguous block of physical memory into which memory pages are mapped by the operating system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A transfer of pages between main memory and an auxiliary store, such as a hard disk drive , is referred to as paging or swapping.
An example of this is the function block diagram, one of five programming languages defined in part 3 of the IEC 61131 (see IEC 61131-3) standard that is highly formalized (see formal system), with strict rules for how diagrams are to be built. Directed lines are used to connect input variables to block inputs, and block outputs to output ...
An ICD is the umbrella document over the system interfaces; examples of what these interface specifications should describe include: The inputs and outputs of a single system, documented in individual SIRS (Software Interface Requirements Specifications) and HIRS (Hardware Interface Requirements Specifications) documents, would fall under "The Wikipedia Interface Control Document".
The operating system (OS) then handles the situation, perhaps by trying to find a spare frame of RAM and set up the page map to map it to the requested virtual address. If no RAM is free, it may be necessary to choose an existing page (known as a victim ), using some replacement algorithm , and save it to disk (a process called paging ).
A system installer is the software that is used to set up and install an operating system onto a device. Windows Setup is the system installer of Microsoft Windows. Examples of Linux system installers: Anaconda: used by CentOS, Fedora; Calamares: used by multiple Linux distributions (incl. some Ubuntu flavors, Debian, and derivates)