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An analytical balance (or chemical balance) is a class of balance designed to measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The measuring pan of an analytical balance (0.1 mg resolution or better) is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and so any air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation ...
A Markov process is called a reversible Markov process or reversible Markov chain if there exists a positive stationary distribution π that satisfies the detailed balance equations [12] =, where P ij is the Markov transition probability from state i to state j, i.e. P ij = P(X t = j | X t − 1 = i), and π i and π j are the equilibrium probabilities of being in states i and j, respectively ...
In chemistry, pi backbonding or π backbonding is a π-bonding interaction between a filled (or half filled) orbital of a transition metal atom and a vacant orbital on an adjacent ion or molecule. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this type of interaction, electrons from the metal are used to bond to the ligand , which dissipates excess negative charge and ...
Often, constructing local balance equations is equivalent to removing the outer summations in the global balance equations for certain terms. [1] During the 1980s it was thought local balance was a requirement for a product-form equilibrium distribution, [10] [11] but Gelenbe's G-network model showed this not to be the case. [12]
Quartz is one member of a family of crystals that experience the piezoelectric effect.The piezoelectric effect has found applications in high power sources, sensors, actuators, frequency standards, motors, etc., and the relationship between applied voltage and mechanical deformation is well known; this allows probing an acoustic resonance by electrical means.
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
A molecule is said to have a positive oxygen balance if it contains more oxygen than is needed and a negative oxygen balance if it contains less oxygen than is needed. [2] An explosive with a negative oxygen balance will lead to incomplete combustion, which commonly produces carbon monoxide, which is a toxic gas. Explosives with negative or ...
Gravimetric analysis describes a set of methods used in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of an analyte (the ion being analyzed) based on its mass. The principle of this type of analysis is that once an ion's mass has been determined as a unique compound, that known measurement can then be used to determine the same analyte's mass in a mixture, as long as the relative ...