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The most used clock synchronization solution on the Internet is the Network Time Protocol (NTP) which is a layered client-server architecture based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) message passing. Lamport timestamps and vector clocks are concepts of the logical clock in distributed computing.
More complete synchronization systems, although lacking NTP's data analysis and clock disciplining algorithms, include the Unix daemon timed, which uses an election algorithm to appoint a server for all the clients; [19] and the Digital Time Synchronization Service (DTSS), which uses a hierarchy of servers similar to the NTP stratum model.
Cristian's algorithm works between a process P, and a time server S connected to a time reference source. Put simply: P requests the time from S at time t 0. After receiving the request from P, S prepares a response and appends the time T from its own clock. P receives the response at time t 1 then sets its time to be T + RTT/2, where RTT=t 1-t 0.
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol for clock synchronization throughout a computer network with relatively high precision and therefore potentially high accuracy. In a local area network (LAN), accuracy can be sub-microsecond – making it suitable for measurement and control systems. [ 1 ]
In contrast to standard Ethernet according to IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet bridging according to IEEE 802.1Q, time is very important in TSN networks.For real-time communication with hard, non-negotiable time boundaries for end-to-end transmission latencies, all devices in this network need to have a common time reference and therefore, need to synchronize their clocks among each other.
IEEE 1588v2 PTP GPS Smartgrid clocks from Tekron [70] IPITEK MSP-1588 [71] Open Time Server : 1GbE, Rubidium IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP, SyncE, PPS GNSS grandmaster clock from Timebeat.app [72] Open Time Server : 10/25GbE, Rubidium IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP, SyncE, PPS GNSS grandmaster clock from Timebeat.app [73]
AC-500-MSF Time Receiver; ClockWatch Radio Sync [20] F6CTE's CLOCK [15] WWV: 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz AM Voice with modified IRIG-Hformat time code on 100 Hz sub-carrier (CCIR code) HF radio and antenna (plus software if automatic updating of computer time is desired) TrueTime TL-3 WWV Receiver
On 18 September 2042, the Time of Day Clock (TODC) on the S/370 IBM mainframe and its successors, including the current zSeries, will roll over. [5] [61] Older TODCs were implemented as a 64-bit count of 2 −12 microsecond (0.244 ns) units, and the standard base was 1 January 1900, UT. In July 1999 the extended TODC clock was announced, which ...