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The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process is based on the phenomenon that under high pressure, gases tend to be trapped onto solid surfaces, i.e. to be "adsorbed". The higher the pressure, the more gas is adsorbed. When the pressure is dropped, the gas is released, or desorbed.
Among nitrogen adsorption plants of various types, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) plants have found the broadest application world-wide. The system's design is based on the regulation of gas adsorption and adsorbent regeneration by means of changing pressures in two adsorber–adsorbent-containing vessels. This process requires constant ...
Two methods in common use are pressure swing adsorption and membrane gas separation. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) oxygen concentrators use a molecular sieve to adsorb gases and operate on the principle of rapid pressure swing adsorption of atmospheric nitrogen onto zeolite minerals at high pressure. This type of adsorption system is ...
A nitrogen generator Bottle of 4Å molecular sieves. Pressure swing adsorption provides separation of oxygen or nitrogen from air without liquefaction. The process operates around ambient temperature; a zeolite (molecular sponge) is exposed to high pressure air, then the air is released and an adsorbed film of the desired gas is released.
English: CSS3 animation of the principle of pressure swing adsorption to purify oxygen from air by CMG Lee. (I) denotes the air input, (O) the oxygen output, (E) the exhaust, (A) adsorption and (D) desorption. (1) and (2) show adsorption and desorption alternating.
Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) uses the same principle as PSA but swings between vacuum pressures and atmospheric pressure. [2] PSA and VSA techniques may be combined and are called "vacuum pressure swing adsorption" (VPSA) in this case.
Today, there exist three methods of arranging the adsorption-based air separation process with the use of swing technologies: pressure (PSA), vacuum (VSA) and mixed (VPSA) ones. In the pressure swing adsorption flow processes, oxygen is recovered under above-atmospheric pressure and regeneration is achieved under atmospheric pressure.
However, it is a complex process, is energy-intensive, and is generally not suitable for small-scale production. Pressure swing adsorption is also commonly used for air separation and can also produce high purity oxygen at medium production rates, but it still requires considerable space, high investment and high energy consumption.