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The Ottoman Empire [l] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [24] [25] was an imperial realm [m] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II. 7 Mehmed II: August 1444 – September 1446 (2 years, 1 month) First reign; Son of Murad II and Hüma Hatun. [21] Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power, along with rising threats from Janissaries. (6) Murad II: September 1446 – 3 February 1451
The fez was banned, full rights for women politically were established, and new alphabet for Turkish based upon the Latin script was created. [86] Among the other things, economic privileges for foreigners were abolished and their means of production and railways were nationalised. Foreign schools were placed under state control.
Mahmud II was born on 20 July 1785, in the month of Ramazan.He was the son of Abdul Hamid I and his Seventh consort Nakşidil Kadin.He was the youngest son of his father, and the second child of his mother, he had an elder brother, Şehzade Seyfullah Murad, two years older than him, and a younger sister, Saliha Sultan, one year younger than him, both dead in infancy.
The Ottoman Turks (Turkish: Osmanlı Türkleri) were a Turkic ethnic group native to Anatolia.Originally from Central Asia, they migrated to Anatolia in the 13th century and founded the Ottoman Empire, in which they remained socio-politically dominant for the entirety of the six centuries that it existed.
The sovereigns' main titles were Sultan, Padishah (Emperor) and Khan; which were of various origins such as Arabic, Persian and Turkish or Mongolian, respectively.His full style was the result of a long historical accumulation of titles expressing the empire's rights and claims as successor to the various states it annexed or subdued.
5 December 1934: Full political rights, to vote and be elected, to women. 14 October 1935: Closure of the Masonic lodges. [11] [12] [13] 5 February 1937: The inclusion of the principle of secularism in the constitution. The first party to be established in the newly formed republic was the Women's Party (Kadınlar Halk Fırkası). [14]
The Ottoman dynasty (Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman (Ottoman Turkish: خاندان آل عثمان, romanized: Ḫānedān-ı Āl-i ʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Turkish: Osmanlılar).