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p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. [1] It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is occasionally used as a substitute for ...
It is one of several antiozonants based around p-phenylenediamine. [2] It has been used in rubber since the late 1970s, [3] but has been the subject of increasing scrutiny since 2021, when it was determined that its oxidation product (6PPD-Q) causes pre-spawn mortality in coho salmon. [4] [5]
Tributylphosphine is the organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula P(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3) 3, often abbreviated as PBu 3. It is a tertiary phosphine. It is an oily liquid at room temperature, with a nauseating odor. It reacts slowly with atmospheric oxygen, and rapidly with other oxidizing agents, to give tributylphosphine oxide.
This reaction is a variant of the Michael addition: CH 2 =CHCO 2 R + 3 H 3 PO 3 → (HO) 2 P(O)CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 R. In the Hirao coupling dialkyl phosphites (which can also be viewed as di-esters of phosphonic acid: (O=PH(OR) 2) undergo a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction with an aryl halide to form a phosphonate.
It is typically prepared by dissolving 1 gram of PD, 10 grams of sodium sulfite, and 0.5 millilitres of detergent in 100 millilitres of water; initially pink in colour, the solution becomes purple with age. Steiner's solution will last for months. [5] The phenylenediamine reacts with aldehydes to yield Schiff bases according to the following ...
m-Phenylenediamine, also called 1,3-diaminobenzene, is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2. It is an isomer of o -phenylenediamine and p -phenylenediamine . This aromatic diamine is a colourless solid that appears as needles, but turns red or purple on exposure to air due to formation of oxidation products. [ 3 ]
Synthesis of benzotriazole involves the reaction of o-phenylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and acetic acid. The conversion proceeds via diazotization of one of the amine groups: [7] [8] The synthesis can be improved when the reaction is carried out at low temperatures (5–10 °C) and briefly sonicated in an ultrasonic bath. [9]
N-Isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (often abbreviated IPPD) is an organic compound commonly used as an antiozonant in rubbers. [1] Like other p-phenylenediamine -based antiozonants it works by virtue of its low ionization energy , which allows it to react with ozone faster than ozone will react with rubber. [ 2 ]