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Sparta [1] was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon ( Λακεδαίμων , Lakedaímōn ), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement in the valley of Evrotas river in Laconia, in southeastern Peloponnese . [ 2 ]
Sparta (Greek: Σπάρτη, Spárti) is a city and municipality in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece.It lies at the site of ancient Sparta within the Evrotas Valley.The municipality was merged with six nearby municipalities in 2011, for a total population (as of 2021) of 32,786, of whom 17,773 lived in the city.
The city of Sparta lay at the southern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the Eurotas River. It was a strategic site, guarded on three sides by mountains and controlling the routes by which invading armies could penetrate Laconia and the southern Peloponnesus via the Langhda Pass over Mt Taygetus .
After World War II and the Greek Civil War, its population began to somewhat decline, as people moved from the villages toward the larger cities of Greece and abroad. In 1992, a devastating fire ruined the finest olive crops in the northern part of the prefecture, and affected the area of Sellasia along with Oinountas and its surrounding areas.
When Sparta defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War, it secured an unrivaled hegemony over southern Greece. [1] Sparta's supremacy was broken following the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. [1] It was never able to regain its military superiority [2] and was finally absorbed by the Achaean League in the 2nd century BC.
The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, located on the Acropolis in Athens, is one of the most representative symbols of the culture and sophistication of the ancient Greeks. Ancient Greece (Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, romanized: Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilisation, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th ...
Mesoa (Ancient Greek: Μεσόα), or Messoa (Μεσσόα), was a settlement that existed before the Dorian conquest. It was united with three other such settlements (Pitane, Limnae, and Cynosura) by a common sacrifice to Artemis, [1] and eventually coalesced into ancient Sparta. It is probable that Mesoa was in the southeast part of the city. [2]
View of Ancient Sparta ruins within the valley. The history of the valley is closely linked with ancient Sparta which was built in the west bank of the Evrotas River. . Beginning in the 13th century, the political and cultural center of the valley shifted to Mystras, some 4 km to