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A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction is a 1977 book on architecture, urban design, and community livability.It was authored by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein of the Center for Environmental Structure of Berkeley, California, with writing credits also to Max Jacobson, Ingrid Fiksdahl-King and Shlomo Angel.
The language C* adds to C a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. For the CM-2 models the C* compiler translated the code into serial C, calling PARIS (Parallel Instruction Set) functions, and passed the resulting code to the front end computer's native compiler.
Alexander is best known for his 1977 book A Pattern Language, a perennial seller some four decades after publication. [12] Reasoning that users are more sensitive to their needs than any architect could be, [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] he collaborated with his students Sara Ishikawa, Murray Silverstein , Max Jacobson, Ingrid King, and Shlomo Angel to ...
Each pattern language can be produced by an indexed grammar: For example, using Σ = { a, b, c} and X = { x, y}, the pattern a x b y c x a y b is generated by a grammar with nonterminal symbols N = { S x, S y, S} ∪ X, terminal symbols T = Σ, index symbols F = { a x, b x, c x, a y, b y, c y}, start symbol S x, and the following production rules:
The knowledge that northern and southern star patterns differed goes back to Classical writers, who describe, for example, the African circumnavigation expedition commissioned by Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II in c. 600 BC and those of Hanno the Navigator in c. 500 BC.
The first question was answered in the negative when in 1963, Eggan gave examples of regular languages of star height n for every n. Here, the star height h(L) of a regular language L is defined as the minimum star height among all regular expressions representing L. The first few languages found by Eggan are described in the following, by ...
In combinatorics, stars and bars (also called "sticks and stones", [1] "balls and bars", [2] and "dots and dividers" [3]) is a graphical aid for deriving certain combinatorial theorems. It can be used to solve a variety of counting problems , such as how many ways there are to put n indistinguishable balls into k distinguishable bins. [ 4 ]
The cover of the book The C Programming Language, first edition, by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. In 1978 Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie published the first edition of The C Programming Language. [18] Known as K&R from the initials of its authors, the book served for many years as an informal specification of the language.