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Christian influences in Islam can be traced back to Eastern Christianity, which surrounded the origins of Islam. [1] Islam, emerging in the context of the Middle East that was largely Christian, was first seen as a Christological heresy known as the "heresy of the Ishmaelites", described as such in Concerning Heresy by Saint John of Damascus, a Syriac scholar.
Mark D. Siljander and John David Mann, A Deadly Misunderstanding: a Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide, New York: Harper One, 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-143828-8. Robert Spencer, Not Peace But a Sword: The Great Chasm Between Christianity and Islam. Catholic Answers. March 25, 2013. ISBN 978-1938983283.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Islam and Protestantism have in common a reliance on textual criticism of the book. [73] This historical precedence combines to fact that Islam incorporates to a certain extent the Jewish and Christian traditions, recognizing the same God and defining Jesus as a prophet, as well as recognizing Hebrew prophets, thus having a claim to ...
The Christian wars of reconquest which lasted for 200 years, had begun in Italy in 915 and in Spain in 1009 to retake territory lost to Muslims, and caused fleeing Muslims in Sicily and Spain to leave behind their libraries. [313] Between 1150 and 1200, monks searched them and found the works of Aristotle, Euclid and other ancient writers. [314]
apologetics, polemics, historical critique of Islam and Christianity Jay Smith (born 1953) [ 1 ] is an American Christian evangelist and apologist. Since 1983, he has been a full-time missionary with the Brethren in Christ Church with a focus on apologetics and polemics among the Muslims of London .
Robert A. Morey (November 13, 1946 – January 5, 2019) was a Christian apologist and pastor who wrote a number of books and pamphlets. He criticized Islam, [1] Wicca, and non-Evangelical Christian beliefs. He was the founder of the unaccredited California Biblical University and Seminary. [2]
The Ashtiname (Book of Peace) of Muhammad is a document which is a charter or writ ratified by Muhammad granting protection and other privileges to the followers of Jesus, given to the Christian monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery. [4] It is sealed with an imprint representing Muhammad's hand. [5]