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Malcolm Shepherd Knowles (August 24, 1913 – November 27, 1997) was an American adult educator, famous for the adoption of the theory of andragogy—initially a term coined by the German teacher Alexander Kapp.
[23] [24] Knowles himself mentions that andragogy is a "model of assumptions about learning or a conceptual framework that serves as a basis for an emergent theory." [ 25 ] There appears to be a lack of research on whether this framework of teaching and learning principles is more relevant to adult learners or if it is just a set of good ...
The Journal of Addictions Nursing is a peer-reviewed nursing journal which publishes original articles on current research, issues, practices and innovations in the field of addictions, with focus on addictions nursing. It is the official journal of the International Nurses Society on Addictions. [1] The journal is edited by Christine Vourakis ...
The journal was established in 1980. Its current editor-in-chief is Trevor Buser. The journal focuses on prevention and treatment programs, the attitudes and behaviors of substance abuse professionals, tested techniques, treatment of adolescents and adults, and qualitative and quantitative studies.
It attributes addiction to a chemical imbalance in an individual's brain associated with genetics or environmental factors. [3] The other model is the choice model of addiction, which contends that addiction is a result of voluntary actions rather than brain dysfunction. [4]
Traditional addiction treatment is based primarily on counseling. Counselors help individuals with identifying behaviors and problems related to their addiction. It can be done on an individual basis, but it's more common to find it in a group setting and can include crisis counseling, weekly or daily counseling, and drop-in counseling supports.
Models of addiction risk that have been proposed in psychology literature include an affect dysregulation model of positive and negative psychological affects, the reinforcement sensitivity theory model of impulsiveness and behavioral inhibition, and an impulsivity model of reward sensitization and impulsiveness. [1] [5] [6]
CBT proposes four assumptions essential to the approach to treatment: addiction is a learned behavior, it emerges in an environmental context, it is developed and maintained by particular thought patterns and processes, and CBT can be integrated well with other treatment and management approaches as they all have similar goals. [17]