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For example, the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ... is a geometric progression with a common ratio of 3. Similarly 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, ... is a geometric sequence with a common ratio of 1/2. Examples of a geometric sequence are powers r k of a fixed non-zero number r, such as 2 k and 3 k. The general form of a geometric sequence is
An arithmetico-geometric series is a sum of terms that are the elements of an arithmetico-geometric sequence. Arithmetico-geometric sequences and series arise in various applications, such as the computation of expected values in probability theory , especially in Bernoulli processes .
In mathematics, the nth-term test for divergence [1] is a simple test for the divergence of an infinite series: If lim n → ∞ a n ≠ 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{n\to \infty }a_{n}\neq 0} or if the limit does not exist, then ∑ n = 1 ∞ a n {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}} diverges.
The geometric series is an infinite series derived from a special type of sequence called a geometric progression.This means that it is the sum of infinitely many terms of geometric progression: starting from the initial term , and the next one being the initial term multiplied by a constant number known as the common ratio .
In general: + = + (())where both terms on the right are generalized pentagonal numbers and the first term is a pentagonal number proper (n ≥ 1).This division of centered hexagonal arrays gives generalized pentagonal numbers as trapezoidal arrays, which may be interpreted as Ferrers diagrams for their partition.
PARI/GP's progenitor was a program named Isabelle, an interpreter for higher arithmetic, written in 1979 by Henri Cohen and François Dress at the Université Bordeaux 1. [2] PARI/GP was originally developed in 1985 by a team led by Henri Cohen at Laboratoire A2X and is now maintained by Karim Belabas at the Université Bordeaux 1 with the help ...
The powers of two that divide the central binomial coefficients are given by Gould's sequence, whose nth element is the number of odd integers in row n of Pascal's triangle. Squaring the generating function gives 1 1 − 4 x = ( ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( 2 n n ) x n ) ( ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( 2 n n ) x n ) . {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-4x}}=\left(\sum _{n=0 ...
If 2 k + 1 is prime and k > 0, then k itself must be a power of 2, [1] so 2 k + 1 is a Fermat number; such primes are called Fermat primes. As of 2023 [update] , the only known Fermat primes are F 0 = 3 , F 1 = 5 , F 2 = 17 , F 3 = 257 , and F 4 = 65537 (sequence A019434 in the OEIS ).