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A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments—from 60 °C (140 °F) upwards. An optimal temperature for the existence of hyperthermophiles is often above 80 °C (176 °F). [1] Hyperthermophiles are often within the domain Archaea, although some bacteria are also able to
[1] [2] P. fumarii is known as a hyperthermophile obligately chemolithoautotroph. In the simplest terms, this archaea grows best in warm temperatures ranging from 80 °C to 115 °C. [3] [4] It also uses preformed molecules as its energy source rather than light, inorganic as an electron donor, and CO 2 is used as a carbon source.
Pyrococcus furiosus is a strictly anaerobic, heterotrophic, sulfur-reducing archaea originally isolated from heated sediments in Vulcano, Italy by Fiala and Stetter. It is noted for its rapid doubling time of 37 minutes under optimal conditions, meaning that every 37 minutes the number of individual organisms is multiplied by two, yielding an exponential growth curve.
Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacteria that can tolerate high temperatures, one of several thermophilic bacteria that belong to the Deinococcota phylum. It is the source of the heat-resistant enzyme Taq DNA polymerase, one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technique.
The Thermotogota are a phylum of the domain Bacteria. The phylum contains a single class, Thermotogae. The phylum Thermotogota is composed of Gram-negative staining, anaerobic, and mostly thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria. [2] [3] It is the sole phylum in the kingdom Thermotogati. [4]
One classification sorts these organisms according to their optimal growth temperatures: [6] Simple thermophiles: 50–64 °C (122–147 °F) Extreme thermophiles 65–79 °C (149–174 °F) Hyperthermophiles 80 °C (176 °F) and beyond, but not below 50 °C (122 °F) In a related classification, thermophiles are sorted as follows:
P. fumarii is a hyperthermophile, indicating that this organism grows best at extremely high temperatures (70–125 °C). P. fumarii grows best at 106 °C. Due to the extremely high temperatures this archaea is subjected to, this organism must have extremely stable biomolecules to survive.
The paper and the chapter in Bergey's manual were authored by several authors including the microbiologists Karl Stetter and Carl Woese. [2]The Neo-Latin feminine name "thermotoga" means "the hot outer garment", being a combination of the Greek noun θέρμη (therme, heat) [7] or more correctly the adjective θερμός, ή, όν (thermos, e, on, hot) [8] and the Latin feminine noun toga ...