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  2. Masculinizing surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculinizing_surgery

    Surgeries for female-to-male transgender patients have similarities to gynecomastia surgeries for cisgender men, [2] breast reduction surgery for gigantomastia, and the separate mastectomies done for breast cancer. [3] Top surgery involves more than a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. [1]

  3. Chest reconstruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chest_reconstruction

    In 1978, Dr. Michael Brownstein conducted his first chest reconstructive surgery under the request of a FTM (Female to Male) identified as "John L." [7] The surgery was successful, and shortly thereafter, "FTMs were 'flocking to him,' including some who had not had any so-called gender counseling."

  4. Metoidioplasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoidioplasty

    Metoidioplasty, metaoidioplasty, or metaidoioplasty [2] (informally called a meto or meta) is a female-to-male gender-affirming surgery. [3] Testosterone replacement therapy gradually enlarges the clitoris to a mean maximum size of 4.6 cm (1.8 in) [4] (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous).

  5. Vein graft failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vein_Graft_Failure

    In medicine, vein graft failure (VGF) is a condition in which vein grafts, which are used as alternative conduits in bypass surgeries (e.g. CABG), get occluded. Veins, mainly the great saphenous vein (GSV) are the most frequently used conduits in bypass surgeries ( CABG or PABG), due to their ease of use and availability. [ 1 ]

  6. Feminizing surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizing_surgery

    Lili Elbe was the first well-known recipient of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, in Germany in 1930, the first being Dora Richter. She was the subject of four surgeries: one for orchiectomy, one to transplant an ovary, one for penectomy, and one for vaginoplasty and a uterus transplant. However, she died three months after her last ...

  7. Intersex medical interventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions

    A map of all countries who have banned intersex infant surgery according to equaldex.com as of February 1st 2025. Intersex medical interventions (IMI), sometimes known as intersex genital mutilations (IGM), [1] are surgical, hormonal and other medical interventions performed to modify atypical or ambiguous genitalia and other sex characteristics, primarily for the purposes of making a person's ...

  8. Internal thoracic vein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_thoracic_vein

    It drains the intercostal veins, although the posterior drainage is often handled by the azygous veins. [1] It terminates in the brachiocephalic vein. [2] It has a width of 2-3 mm. [3] There is either one or two internal thoracic veins accompanying the corresponding artery (internal thoracic artery). If internal thoracic vein is single, it ...

  9. Femoropopliteal bypass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femoropopliteal_bypass

    Generally, a vein bypass lasts at least 5 years in 60-70 percent of people. However about one-quarter to one-third of people will need additional procedures and follow-ups to maintain the condition of the graft. [11] To minimise postoperative complications and a second bypass, correct postoperative care and surgical techniques must be used.