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In same-band repeaters, isolation between transmitter and receiver can be created by using a single antenna and a device called a duplexer. The device is a tuned filter connected to the antenna. In this example, consider a type of device called a band-pass duplexer. It allows, or passes, a band, (or a narrow range,) of frequencies.
In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
Standard repeaters require either the use of two antennas (one each for transmitter and receiver) or a duplexer to isolate the transmit and receive signals over a single antenna. The duplexer is a device which prevents the repeater's high-power transmitter (on the output frequency) from drowning out the users' signal on the repeater receiver ...
A trunked radio system is a two-way radio system that uses a control channel to automatically assign frequency channels to groups of user radios. In a traditional half-duplex land mobile radio system a group of users (a talkgroup ) with mobile and portable two-way radios communicate over a single shared radio channel, with one user at a time ...
Inherently an antenna diversity scheme requires additional hardware and integration versus a single antenna system but due to the commonality of the signal paths a fair amount of circuitry can be shared. Also with the multiple signals there is a greater processing demand placed on the receiver, which can lead to tighter design requirements.
Theoretically, the range between two hand-held units on flat ground would be about one or two miles (about 1.5–3 km). Mobile units might have a slightly farther range when mounted on a car roof. A GMRS repeater with an antenna mounted high above the surrounding terrain can extend the usable range to 20 miles or more (30+ km) depending on height.
Moxon antenna for the 20-meter band.The antenna is the faint rectangle of wires held in tension by the bent X-shaped support frame. Moxon antenna for the 2-meter band. The Moxon antenna or Moxon rectangle is a simple and mechanically rugged two-element parasitic array, single-frequency antenna. [1]
Reflective array 'billboard' antenna of the SCR-270 radar, an early US Army radar system. It consists of 32 horizontal half wave dipoles mounted in front of a 17 m (55 ft) high screen reflector. With an operating frequency of 106 MHz and a wavelength of 3 m (10 ft) this large antenna was required to generate a sufficiently narrow beamwidth to ...