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The Trưng sisters' rebellion marked a brilliant epoch for women in ancient southern China and reflected the importance of women in early Vietnamese society. [28] One reason listed by medieval Confucian scholars for the defeat is the desertion by rebels because they did not believe they could win under a woman's leadership. [ 47 ]
In the spring of 40 AD, the Trung sisters' rebellion was able to capture several Chinese settlements, and Thiên was proclaimed princess and given the position of general of the Hop Pho province in modern day Guangdong, China. [2] In 42 AD, the Han Chinese launched a counteroffensive led by Ma Yuan against the Trung sisters. Thiên and her army ...
In 40 AD, revolts against Han rule were led by the Trung sisters near the Red River Delta. The rebellion was defeated in 43 by the general Ma Yuan, [6] a participant in the battles that followed Wang Mang's usurpation. [23] The Han reestablished control of Nanyue. The Trung sisters were executed [23] or killed during the fighting. [24]
In March 40 AD, the Trưng sisters, Trưng Trắc (徵側; Zheng Ce) and Trưng Nhị (徵貳; Zheng Er), led the Lac Viet people to rise up in the Trưng sisters' rebellion against the Han in Jiaozhi. [16] [17] It began at the Red River Delta, but soon spread to other Yue tribes along the coast to the north and south. [16]
The Trưng sisters (Vietnamese: Hai Bà Trưng, 𠄩婆徵, literally "Two Ladies [named] Trưng", c. 14 – c. 43) were Luoyue military leaders who ruled for three years after commanding a rebellion of Luoyue tribes and other tribes in AD 40 against the first Chinese domination of Vietnam. They are regarded as national heroines of Vietnam.
Patriotism in Trần literature was also represented by the proclamation Hịch tướng sĩ (Call of Soldiers), written by general Trần Quốc Tuấn, which was the most popular work of the hịch (appeal, call) form in Vietnamese literature. [96] (Đại Việt sử lược) History of Vietnam record .
Ma was placed in command of the campaign to suppress the Trung sisters' rebellion. [1] He was given the title Fubo Jiangjun (伏波將軍; General who Calms the Waves). [1] Ma Yuan and his staff began mobilizing a Han army in southern China. [1]
After suppressing the Trưng sisters in 44 AD, Ma Yuan continued his crackdown on the Lac Viet resistance and their society. Lac lords who had joined the Trung sisters, who had submitted or surrendered to Ma Yuan would be spared, those who disobeyed were beheaded. [1] Direct imperial government now was imposed on the region for the first time. [2]