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Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Load-bearing welded joints ISO 17660-2: Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Non-load bearing welded joints ISO/TR 20172: Welding — Grouping systems for materials — European materials ISO/TR 20173: Welding — Grouping systems for materials — American materials ISO/TR 20174
The main part of the welder's test consists of welding one or more test coupons which are then examined using non-destructive and destructive methods. The extent of certification is described by a number of variables, which include the specific welding process, type of deposited metal, thickness, joint design, position, backing, and others.
Weld mapping is the process of assigning information to a weld repair or joint to enable easy identification of weld processes, production (welders, their qualifications, date welded), quality (visual inspection, NDT, standards and specifications) and traceability (tracking weld joints and welded castings, the origin of weld materials).
The weld structure can be examined by optical microscopy [3] [4] [5] and scanning electron microscopy. [ 6 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 3 ] The computer finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the shape of the flash and interface and others, not only for rotary friction welding (RFW), [ 7 ] but also for friction stir welding (FSW), [ 8 ] [ 9 ] linear ...
This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063 ). [ 1 ]
The term "puddle" is sometimes used to refer to the pool of molten metal, but a reference to "puddle welding" likely means spot welding (plug welding). This is typically a resistance weld with two electrodes clamping the material together. One layer melts completely under one of the electrodes and bonds to the other layer.
For example, the factor of welding position influences weld quality, that welding codes & specifications may require testing—both welding procedures and welders—using specified welding positions: 1G (flat), 2G (horizontal), 3G (vertical), 4G (overhead), 5G (horizontal fixed pipe), or 6G (inclined fixed pipe). To test the quality of a weld ...
• Welding Coordination Certification has existed since 1998, was adopted by IIW in 2007 and is currently recognised worldwide, allowing Welding Coordinators to be certified according to the requirement of ISO 14731. [11] • Plastic Welders Certification has existed since 2004, providing training and certification according to EN 13067. [12]