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Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Load-bearing welded joints ISO 17660-2: Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Non-load bearing welded joints ISO/TR 20172: Welding — Grouping systems for materials — European materials ISO/TR 20173: Welding — Grouping systems for materials — American materials ISO/TR 20174
The weld structure can be examined by optical microscopy [3] [4] [5] and scanning electron microscopy. [ 6 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 3 ] The computer finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the shape of the flash and interface and others, not only for rotary friction welding (RFW), [ 7 ] but also for friction stir welding (FSW), [ 8 ] [ 9 ] linear ...
Weld mapping is the process of assigning information to a weld repair or joint to enable easy identification of weld processes, production (welders, their qualifications, date welded), quality (visual inspection, NDT, standards and specifications) and traceability (tracking weld joints and welded castings, the origin of weld materials).
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) similarly defines a WPS as a written document that provides direction to the welder or welding operator for making production welds in accordance with Code requirements. [2] ASME also defines welding PQR as a record of variables recorded during the welding of the test coupon. The record also ...
The term "puddle" is sometimes used to refer to the pool of molten metal, but a reference to "puddle welding" likely means spot welding (plug welding). This is typically a resistance weld with two electrodes clamping the material together. One layer melts completely under one of the electrodes and bonds to the other layer.
This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063 ). [ 1 ]
Rotary friction welding is widely implemented across the manufacturing sector and has been used for numerous applications, [17] [18] [19] including: Parts in gas turbine such as: turbine shafts, turbine discs, compressor drums, [20]
Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW or FCA) is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process. FCAW requires a continuously-fed consumable tubular electrode containing a flux and a constant- voltage or, less commonly, a constant- current welding power supply .