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Various methods of gastric bypass or gastric restriction surgery are used to treat morbid obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) but not sleeve gastric bypass surgery or gastric banding, increases the risk of vitamin B 12 deficiency and requires preventive post-operative treatment with either injected or high-dose oral supplementation.
Gastric bypass surgery refers to a technique in which the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a much larger lower "remnant" pouch, where the small intestine is rearranged to connect to both. Surgeons have developed several different ways to reconnect the intestine, thus leading to several different gastric bypass procedures (GBP ...
During the late 1960s, the initiation of bariatric surgery followed the development of a procedure to bypass portions of the stomach – the gastric bypass. [ 91 ] [ 92 ] [ 93 ] Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), is one of the most popular stomach reduction surgeries and was earliest performed in 1990 as a first-stage operation of duodenal switch (DS ...
Low serum levels of Vitamin B12, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K are common nutritional deficiencies after the surgery. 1000 mg of Vitamin B12 is recommended monthly, and supplements of vitamins and minerals are also recommended for the first half to full year after the surgery until the rapid weight loss period has passed. [2]
Vitamin B12 does also accumulate in a few plant-based sources, including some mushrooms, seaweed, and nutritional yeast, but not enough to fortify vegans, who, in particular, should consider being ...
The glycocholic acid breath test involves the administration of the bile acid 14 C glycocholic acid, and the detection of 14 CO 2, which would be elevated in bacterial overgrowth. [citation needed] However, some physicians suggest that if the suspicion of bacterial overgrowth is high enough, the best diagnostic test is a trial of treatment.
Alcoholism, gastric bypass surgery Copper deficiency , or hypocupremia , is defined as insufficient copper to meet the body's needs, or as a serum copper level below the normal range. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include fatigue , decreased red blood cells , early greying of the hair, and neurological problems presenting as numbness , tingling, muscle ...
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.
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