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Network address translation between a private network and the Internet. Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. [1]
NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is a network protocol for establishing network address translation (NAT) settings and port forwarding configurations automatically without user effort. [1] The protocol automatically determines the external IPv4 address of a NAT gateway, and provides means for an application to communicate the parameters for ...
NAT64 is an IPv6 transition mechanism that facilitates communication between IPv6 and IPv4 hosts by using a form of network address translation (NAT). The NAT64 gateway is a translator between IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, [1] for which function it needs at least one IPv4 address and an IPv6 network segment comprising a 32-bit address space.
Port forwarding via NAT router. In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall.
Various NAT traversal techniques have been developed: NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is a protocol introduced by Apple as an alternative to IGDP. Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a successor of NAT-PMP. UPnP Internet Gateway Device Protocol (UPnP IGD) is supported by many small NAT gateways in home or small office settings. It allows a ...
Exterior Gateway Protocol: RFC 888: 0x09 9 IGP Interior gateway protocol (any private interior gateway, for example Cisco's IGRP) 0x0A 10 BBN-RCC-MON BBN RCC Monitoring 0x0B 11 NVP-II Network Voice Protocol: RFC 741: 0x0C 12 PUP Xerox PUP: 0x0D 13 ARGUS ARGUS 0x0E 14 EMCON EMCON 0x0F 15 XNET Cross Net Debugger IEN 158 [2] 0x10 16 CHAOS Chaos ...
Without IGD one has to manually configure the gateway to allow traffic through, a process which is error-prone and time-consuming. UPnP comes with a solution for network address translation traversal (NAT traversal) that implements IGD. IGD makes it easy to do the following: Add and remove port mappings; Assign lease times to mappings
In order for these protocols to work through NAT or a firewall, either the application has to know about an address/port number combination that allows incoming packets, or the NAT has to monitor the control traffic and open up port mappings (firewall pinholes) dynamically as required. Legitimate application data can thus be passed through the ...