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The world's first recreational wargaming club was the University Kriegspiel [sic] Club, founded in 1873 at Oxford University in England. In the United States, Charles Adiel Lewis Totten published Strategos, the American War Game in 1880, and William R. Livermore published The American Kriegsspiel in 1882, both heavily inspired by Prussian wargames.
Tactical wargame rules have appeared for every period of human history and even into the future. The first true "miniatures" games may have developed in antiquity, though Kriegsspiel, a command study invented in 18th century Prussia, is generally accepted as the first true miniatures game.
The Prussian army did not have any significant advantage in weaponry, numbers, or troop training, but it was the only army in the world that practiced wargaming. [35] Civilians and military forces around the world now took a keen interest in the German military wargames, which foreigners referred to as Kriegsspiel (the German word for "wargame ...
Examples of grand strategy board games include Risk, Diplomacy, and Axis & Allies. These games focus on warfare and conquest, but do not include detailed representations of military units or tactics. More realistic grand strategy games, such as Rise and Decline of the Third Reich and Empires in Arms, include specific military units and combat ...
Kriegsspiel was the first wargaming system to have been adopted by a military organization as a serious tool for training and research. It is characterized by high realism, an emphasis on the experience of decision-making rather than on competition, and the use of an umpire to keep the rules flexible and manage hidden information.
Created at the first Origins Game Convention in 1975, the awards were the brainchild of Canadian game store owner John Mansfield. [4] [5] Originally the awards were titled the "Origins Awards" but were informally known as the Charles Roberts Awards [6] and it was only in 1988 that Charles Roberts officially agreed to let his name be used. [7]
Stalingrad is a strategic-level board wargame published by Avalon Hill in 1963 that simulates the first 24 months of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II. As one of the first board wargames (and the first one about the Eastern Front) it was extensively played and discussed during the early years of the wargaming ...
General Quarters (World War Two Naval Warfare, 1/2400 scale) (L.L. Gill, CinC Soft Metal Castings, 1975) General Quarters 2 (20th Century Naval Warfare, 1/2400) (L.L. Gill, CinC Soft Metal Castings, 1977) General Quarters (Old Dominion GameWorks, unknown) Great Battles of World War II (Bruce McFarlane, The Canadian Wargames Group, 1995)