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Monitoring the airborne particulate radioactivity in the reactor containment structure is an acceptable method to meet this requirement, and so CPAMs are used. It is the case that when primary coolant escapes into the containment structure, certain noble gas nuclides become airborne, and subsequently decay into particulate nuclides.
Examples are installed "area" radiation monitors, Gamma interlock monitors, personnel exit monitors, and airborne particulate monitors. The area radiation monitor will measure the ambient radiation, usually X-ray, Gamma or neutrons; these are radiations which can have significant radiation levels over a range in excess of tens of metres from ...
Interlock monitors are used in applications to prevent inadvertent exposure of workers to an excess dose by preventing personnel access to an area when a high radiation level is present. Airborne contamination monitors measure the concentration of radioactive particles in the atmosphere to guard against radioactive particles being deposited in ...
To monitor the concentration of radioactive particles in ambient air, radioactive particulate monitoring instruments measure the concentration or presence of airborne materials. For ingested radioactive materials in food and drink, specialist laboratory radiometric assay methods are used to measure the concentration of such materials. [9]
The schematic of a beta attenuation monitor (BAM). The detector allows to assess cumulative mass concentration of suspended particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air. Notation: 1 – air inlet; 2 – cycling ribbon; 3 and 4 – beta radiation sources; D1 and D2 – beta radiation detectors; 5 – air pump; 6 – air exhaust.
Eighteen other workers had unintended uptakes of less than 1 millirem after passing by the area of the airborne radioactive particles as they evacuated the room. Radiation readings ‘off-scale ...
This part of ISO 14644 covers the classification of airborne molecular contamination (AMC) in cleanrooms and associated controlled environments, in terms of airborne concentrations of specific chemical substances (individual, group or category) and provides a protocol to include test methods, analysis and time-weighted factors within the ...
Counts is the number of events detected, but dose rate relates to the amount of ionising energy deposited in the sensor of the radiation detector. The conversion calculation is dependent on the radiation energy levels, the type of radiation being detected and the radiometric characteristic of the detector. [1]