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Alkylation unit in a refinery, line width corresponds approximately to the mass flow (SAAU technology) The first alkylation units entered in service in 1940. In 2009 around 1,600,000 barrels per day of capacity were installed worldwide, [5] with an equal share of 800,000 barrels per day for SAAU and HFAU technologies. On the 1st January 2016 ...
Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation. Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for ...
Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.
The alkylation process takes place in the presence of an acid - in the Dangote refinery, this is sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4). The plant is called a sulphuric acid alkylation unit (SAAU). [54] The main technology for SAAU is the STRATCO process licensed by DuPont. It is a very established technology for alkylation in refineries.
The factors involved include whether the amine unit is treating raw natural gas or petroleum refinery by-product gases that contain relatively low concentrations of both H 2 S and CO 2 or whether the unit is treating gases with a high percentage of CO 2 such as the offgas from the steam reforming process used in ammonia production or the flue ...
The FCC LPG is an important source of C 3 –C 4 olefins and isobutane that are essential feeds for the alkylation process and the production of polymers such as polypropylene. [citation needed] Typical yields of a UOP Fluid Catalytic Cracker (volume, feed basis, ~23 API feedstock and 74% conversion) [13]
A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the vacuum distillation column into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleum coke.
The DETAL process involving dehydrogenation of n-paraffins to olefins, and subsequent reaction with benzene using a fixed bed catalyst. This is newer technology and has several of the stages depicted in the HF/n-paraffins process, but it is principally different in the benzene alkylation step, during which a solid-state catalyst is employed.