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Female fertility agents are medications that improve female’s ability to conceive pregnancy. These agents are prescribed for infertile female who fails to conceive pregnancy after 1-year of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. [ 1] The following will cover the advancements of female fertility agents, major causes of female infertility.
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also called premature ovarian insufficiency, premature menopause, and premature ovarian failure, is the partial or total loss of reproductive and hormonal function of the ovaries before age 40 because of follicular (egg producing area) dysfunction or early loss of eggs. [ 1 ][ 4 ][ 6 ] POI can be seen as ...
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
Estrogens are the major sex hormones in women, and are responsible for the development and maintenance of feminine secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, wide hips, and a feminine pattern of fat distribution. [ 4 ] Estrogens act by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor (ER), their biological target in the body. [ 14 ]
Most of these patients have multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. [5] Hyperprolactinaemia is the most common cause of AHH. It is a well-established cause of infertility in both male and female mammals. [6] Prolactin inhibits GnRH neurons and therefore inhibits the subsequent release of LH, FSH and sex steroids.
Androgen deficiency is a medical condition characterized by insufficient androgenic activity in the body. Androgen deficiency most commonly affects women, and is also called Female androgen insufficiency syndrome (FAIS), although it can happen in both sexes. [2][3] Androgenic activity is mediated by androgens (a class of steroid hormones with ...
D015181. [edit on Wikidata] Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a tool of assisted reproductive technology against infertility. Eggs are removed from a woman's ovaries, and placed in one of the fallopian tubes, along with the man's sperm. The technique, first attempted by Steptoe and Edwards [1] and later pioneered by endocrinologist ...
Trans men in particular may freeze their eggs before transitioning and choose to have a female surrogate carry their child while when the time comes, using their eggs and someone else's sperm. This allows them to avoid the potentially dysphoria-triggering experience of pregnancy, or cessation of HRT for collecting eggs at an older age. [7]