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Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon Aristotelianism and the Ten Categories. Christian scholasticism emerged within the monastic schools that translated scholastic Judeo-Islamic philosophies , and "rediscovered" the collected works of Aristotle .
Thomas Aquinas OP (/ əˈkwaɪnəs / ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino '; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian [6] Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.
John Wycliffe (/ ˈwɪklɪf /; also spelled Wyclif, Wickliffe, and other variants; [a] c. 1328 – 31 December 1384) [2] was an English scholastic philosopher, Christian reformer, Catholic priest, and a theology professor at the University of Oxford.
Peter Lombard (also Peter the Lombard, [9][5] Pierre Lombard or Petrus Lombardus; [10] c. 1096 – 21/22 August 1160) was an Italian scholastic theologian, Bishop of Paris, and author of Four Books of Sentences which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he earned the accolade Magister Sententiarum. [11]
William of Ockham was born in Ockham, Surrey, in 1287. [13] He received his elementary education in the London House of the Greyfriars. [14] It is believed that he then studied theology at the University of Oxford [7] [8] from 1309 to 1321, [15] but while he completed all the requirements for a master's degree in theology, he was never made a regent master. [16]
Notable ideas. Conceptualism, limbo, moral influence theory of atonement [ 1 ][ 2 ] Peter Abelard (/ ˈæbəlɑːrd /; French: Pierre Abélard [abelaʁ]; Latin: Petrus Abaelardus or Abailardus; c.1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, leading logician, theologian, poet, composer and musician.
Catholic philosophy. Neo-scholasticism (also known as neo-scholastic Thomism [1] or neo-Thomism because of the great influence of the writings of Thomas Aquinas on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval scholasticism in Catholic theology and philosophy which began in the second half of the 19th century.
Second scholasticism, [1] also called Modern scholasticism, is the period of revival of scholastic system of philosophy and theology, in the 16th and 17th centuries.The scientific culture of second scholasticism surpassed its medieval source (Scholasticism) in the number of its proponents, the breadth of its scope, the analytical complexity, sense of historical and literary criticism, and the ...