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Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a rare syndrome that involves fibrosis of the skin, joints, eyes, and internal organs. NSF is caused by exposure to gadolinium in gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents (GBCAs) in patients with impaired kidney function. [1][2] Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of NSF is unrelated to gender or ...
A major measure of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The glomerular filtration rate is the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. The creatinine clearance rate (CCr or CrCl) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR.
European guidelines classify a pre-existing decreased kidney function to be a risk factor of contrast-induced nephropathy in the following cases: [5]. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 45 ml/min/1.73 m 2 of body surface area before intra-arterial administration with first-pass renal exposure (not passing lungs or peripheral circulation before kidneys), or in the intensive care unit
4) CKD4 (severe) – GFR of 15 to 29 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) 5) CKD5 kidney failure – GFR less than 15 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) Some people add CKD5D for those stage 5 patients requiring dialysis; many patients in CKD5 are not yet on dialysis. Note: others add a "T" to patients who have had a transplant regardless of stage.
Gadolinium (III) containing MRI contrast agents (often termed simply "gado" or "gad") are the most commonly used for enhancement of vessels in MR angiography or for brain tumor enhancement associated with the degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). [3][4] Over 450 million doses have been administered worldwide from 1988 to 2017. [5]
Gadoteric acid, sold under the brand name Dotarem among others, is a macrocycle -structured gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA). It consists of the organic acid DOTA as a chelating agent, and gadolinium (Gd 3+), and is used in form of the meglumine salt (gadoterate meglumine). [4][5] The paramagnetic property of gadoteric acid reduces ...
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [2] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...
August 20, 2024 at 12:08 PM. Why This 75-Year-Old Turned To BodybuildingMarilynn Larkin. After I was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2023, my world was turned upside down, but I refused to let ...