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The typical hepatocyte is cubical with sides of 20-30 μm, (in comparison, a human hair has a diameter of 17 to 180 μm). [1] The typical volume of a hepatocyte is 3.4 x 10 −9 cm 3. [2] Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in hepatocytes, in contrast to most other cell types. [3]
Albumin, carries thyroid hormones and other hormones, particularly fat soluble ones, fatty acids to the liver, unconjugated bilirubin, many drugs and Ca 2+ Ceruloplasmin, carries copper; Transcortin, carries cortisol, aldosterone and progesterone; Haptoglobin, carries free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes
Hepatocytes constitute about 80% of the cell population of the liver, with the other 20% being occupied by Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells and mesothelial cells, which are not exactly characteristic of the liver, but are present in the liver samples. [2] Histologically speaking, hepatocytes have specific characteristics.
In histology (microscopic anatomy), the lobules of liver, or hepatic lobules, are small divisions of the liver defined at the microscopic scale. The hepatic lobule is a building block of the liver tissue, consisting of portal triads, hepatocytes arranged in linear cords between a capillary network, and a central vein.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor (SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It is secreted by mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells , but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells and T cells .
[4] [2] Lipids: Lipids, which are stored as triglycerides, are the common form of inclusions. They are stored not only in specialized cells but also are located as individuals droplets in various cell types, especially hepatocytes. [3] These are fluid at body temperature and appear in living cells as refractile spherical droplets. Lipids yield ...
Cytoglobin expression has been shown to be a specific marker with which hepatic stellate cells can be distinguished from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver. [2] In murine (rats, mice) liver, reelin expressed by Ito cells has been shown to be a reliable marker in discerning them from other myofibroblasts . [ 3 ]
Undifferentiated hepatocyte-like cells appear in small, individualized, colonies The cells are available as undifferentiated growth-stage cells that can be grown in-house with the possibility of cell manipulation and amplification; or as fully differentiated cells that are ready and easy-to-use cells with high inter-assay reproducibility and ...