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Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of Iron Age India around the middle of the first millennium BCE. [5] This was a period of great intellectual ferment and socio-cultural change known as the Second Urbanisation, marked by the growth of towns and trade, the composition of the Upanishads and the historical emergence of the Śramaṇa traditions.
The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development. The first period is the pre-Vedic period, which includes the Indus Valley Civilization and local pre-historic religions. Northern India had the Vedic period with the introduction of the historical Vedic religion (sometimes called Vedic Hinduism or ancient Hinduism [ d ] ) by ...
The history of Buddhism can be traced back to the 5th century BCE. ... Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism were the main religions of the Khmer Empire (802–1431), a ...
In contemporary Hinduism, the Buddha is revered by Hindus who usually consider "Buddhism to be another form of Hinduism". [9] Other Hindus reject the identification of Gautama Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu , referring to the texts of the Puranas and identifying the two as different individuals.
Buddhism, which was supported by the ancient Indian urban civilisation lost influence to the traditional religions, which were rooted in the countryside. [164] In Bengal, Buddhism was even prosecuted. But at the same time, Buddhism was incorporated into Hinduism, when Gaudapada used Buddhist philosophy to reinterpret the Upanishads. [163]
Ambedkar's "Neo Buddhism" included a strong element of social and political protest against Hinduism and the Indian caste system. [97] His magnum opus, The Buddha and His Dhamma , incorporated Marxist ideas of class struggle into Buddhist views of dukkha and argued that Buddhist morality could be used to "reconstruct society and to build up a ...
Hinduism and Buddhism from India dominated early regional history, reaching their peak during the reign of the Sumatra-based Srivijaya civilisation, whose influence extended through Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula and much of Borneo from the 7th to the 13th centuries, which later gradually defeated and converted to Islam in 14th and 15th ...
This "Global Hinduism" [164] has a worldwide appeal, transcending national boundaries [164] and, according to Flood, "becoming a world religion alongside Christianity, Islam and Buddhism", [164] both for the Hindu diaspora communities and for westerners who are attracted to non-western cultures and religions. [164]