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The process this approach uses to determine offender characteristics involves: An assimilation phase where all information available in regard to the crime scene, victim, and witnesses is examined. [5] This may include photographs of the crime scene, autopsy reports, victim profiles, police reports, and witness statements.
Crime reconstruction or crime scene reconstruction is the forensic science discipline in which one gains "explicit knowledge of the series of events that surround the commission of a crime using deductive and inductive reasoning, physical evidence, scientific methods, and their interrelationships". [1]
Social network analysis in criminology views social relationships in terms of network theory, consisting of nodes (representing individual actors within the network) and ties (which represent relationships between the individuals, such as offender movement, sub offenders, crime groups, etc.).
Crime analysis also plays a role in devising solutions to crime problems, and formulating crime prevention strategies. Quantitative social science data analysis methods are part of the crime analysis process, though qualitative methods such as examining police report narratives also play a role. [1]
Thomas Bond (1841–1901), one of the precursors of offender profiling [1]. Offender profiling, also known as criminal profiling, is an investigative strategy used by law enforcement agencies to identify likely suspects and has been used by investigators to link cases that may have been committed by the same perpetrator. [2]
Quantitative methods in criminology is an umbrella term used to describe statistical tools and approaches used to objectively measure and analyze crime-related data. The methods are the primary research methods for examining the distribution, trends and causes of crime.
The theoretical foundation of geographic profiling is in environmental criminology. [5] Key concepts include: Journey-to-crime; Supports the notion that crimes are likely to occur closer to an offender’s home and follow a distance-decay function (DDF) with crimes less likely to occur the further away an offender is from their home base.
Areas (i.e. neighborhoods with particularly high crime rates) Ethnomethodology – This study of how social orders are developed and maintained is particularly applicable in high crime areas, any structure of organized crime or transnational crime, or even within the policing hierarchy to identify patterns amongst officers and their superiors.