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  2. Type 1 diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes

    Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's immune system destroys pancreatic cells (beta cells). [5] In healthy persons, beta cells produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone required by the body to store and convert blood sugar into energy. [6]

  3. Outline of diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_diabetes

    Gestational diabetes – Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high. It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.

  4. Polyol pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol_pathway

    The polyol pathway is a two-step process that converts glucose to fructose. [1] In this pathway glucose is reduced to sorbitol, which is subsequently oxidized to fructose. It is also called the sorbitol-aldose reductase pathway. The pathway is implicated in diabetic complications, especially in microvascular damage to the retina, [2] kidney, [3 ...

  5. Diabetic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_neuropathy

    Diabetes is the leading known cause of neuropathy in developed countries, and neuropathy is the most common complication and greatest source of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. A systematic review has found that diabetic peripheral neuropathy affects 30% of diabetes patients. [ 1 ]

  6. Blood sugar regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_regulation

    Diabetes mellitus type 1 is caused by insufficient or non-existent production of insulin, while type 2 is primarily due to a decreased response to insulin in the tissues of the body (insulin resistance). Both types of diabetes, if untreated, result in too much glucose remaining in the blood (hyperglycemia) and many

  7. Glycogen storage disease type I - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_storage_disease...

    Administration of intramuscular or intravenous glucagon (0.25 to 1 mg, depending on age) or epinephrine produces little rise in blood sugar. The diagnosis is definitively confirmed by liver biopsy with electron microscopy and assay of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the tissue and/or specific gene testing, available in recent years.

  8. Insulin signal transduction pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_signal...

    Insulin secretion mechanism is a common example of signal transduction pathway mechanism. Insulin is produced by the pancreas in a region called islets of Langerhans . In the islets of Langerhans, there are beta-cells , which are responsible for production and storage of insulin.

  9. Pancreatic disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_disease

    The pancreas is central in the pathophysiology of both major types of diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is direct damage to the endocrine pancreas that results in insufficient insulin synthesis and secretion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which begins with insulin resistance, is characterized by the ultimate failure of ...