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Persian was displaced by Urdu in North India during the British colonial rule in India, though it remains in use in its native Iran (as Farsi), Afghanistan (as Dari) and Tajikistan (as Tajik). Urdu is currently the official language and lingua franca of Pakistan , and an officially recognized language for North Indian Muslims in the republic of ...
Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision.The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish and Balochi are the most widely ...
from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala from Urdu, to refer to flavoured spices of Indian origin.
[222] [223] Urdu has borrowed words from Persian and to a lesser extent, Arabic through Persian, [224] to the extent of about 25% [15] [220] [221] [225] to 30% of Urdu's vocabulary. [226] A table illustrated by the linguist Afroz Taj of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill likewise illustrates the number of Persian loanwords to ...
The Indo-Iranian languages (also known as Indo-Iranic languages [4] [5] or collectively the Aryan languages [6]) constitute the largest branch of the Indo-European language family. They include over 300 languages, [ 7 ] [ 8 ] spoken by around 1.7 billion speakers worldwide, predominantly in South Asia , West Asia and parts of Central Asia .
Even in its vernacular form, Hindustani contains the most Persian influence of all the Indo-Aryan languages, [57] and many Persian words are used commonly in speech by those identifying as "Hindi" and "Urdu" speakers alike. These words have been assimilated into the language to the extent they are not recognised as "foreign" influences.
The Middle English word limon goes back to Old French limon, showing that yet another delicacy passed into England through France. The Old French word probably came from Italian limone, another step on the route that leads back to the Arabic word ليمون، ليمون laymūn or līmūn, which comes from the Persian word لیمو līmū. Lilac
For instance, Georg Morgenstierne notes the Pashto word مېچن mečə́n i.e. a hand-mill as being derived from the Ancient Greek word μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, i.e. a device). [88] Post-7th century borrowings came primarily from Persian and Hindi-Urdu, with Arabic words being borrowed through Persian, [89] but sometimes directly.