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Macrocephaly is a condition in which circumference of the human head is abnormally large. [1] It may be pathological or harmless, and can be a familial genetic characteristic. People diagnosed with macrocephaly will receive further medical tests to determine whether the syndrome is accompanied by particular disorders.
The greatest circumference of the head, which corresponds to the plane of the occipitofrontal diameter, averages 34.5 cm (13.6 in), a size too large to fit through the pelvis without flexion. The smallest circumference, corresponding to the plane of the suboccipitobregmatic diameter, is 32 cm (13 in).
Although larger babies are at higher risk for shoulder dystocia, most cases of shoulder dystocia happen in smaller babies because there are many more small and normal-size babies being born than large babies. [13] LGA babies are at higher risk of hypoglycemia in the neonatal period, independent of whether the mother has diabetes. [14]
Children with hemihyperplasia are thought to have an elevated risk for certain types of cancers. Recently published management guidelines recommend regular abdominal ultrasounds up to age eight to detect Wilms' tumor. AFP testing to detect liver cancer is not recommended as there have been no reported cases of hepatoblastoma in M-CM patients. [1]
A newborn's head is very large in proportion to the body, and the cranium is enormous relative to his or her face. While the adult human skull is about one seventh of the total body length, the newborn's is about 1 ⁄ 4. Normal head circumference for a full-term infant is 33–36 cm at birth. [6]
External rotation (or Restitution) occurs when the baby pauses after the head passes through the body. During this pause, the infant rotates itself sideways (facing the mother's thigh) to allow for the shoulder to fit though the birth canal. Expulsion is the final step of labor. During this stage, the anterior shoulder moves past the birth ...
Jingnuo's head is now 72 centimeters. He is unable to sit up by himself and he cannot attend nursery or school. Boy whose large head makes up half his body weight hopes for last-chance operation
In babies, there may be a rapid increase in head size. Other symptoms may include vomiting, sleepiness, seizures, and downward pointing of the eyes. [1] Hydrocephalus can occur due to birth defects (primary) or can develop later in life (secondary). [1]
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