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695,700 kilometres (432,300 miles) is approximately 10 times the average radius of Jupiter, 109 times the radius of the Earth, and 1/215th of an astronomical unit, the approximate distance between Earth and the Sun. The solar radius to either pole and that to the equator differ slightly due to the Sun's rotation, which induces an oblateness in ...
This is because the distance between Earth and the Sun is not fixed (it varies between 0.983 289 8912 and 1.016 710 3335 au) and, when Earth is closer to the Sun , the Sun's gravitational field is stronger and Earth is moving faster along its orbital path. As the metre is defined in terms of the second and the speed of light is constant for all ...
The closest well-measured approach was Scholz's Star, which approached to ~ 50,000 AU of the Sun some ~70 thousands years ago, likely passing through the outer Oort cloud. [165] There is a 1% chance every billion years that a star will pass within 100 AU of the Sun, potentially disrupting the Solar System. [166]
AU Mic is a young star at only 22 million years old; less than 1% of the age of the Sun. [7] With a stellar classification of M1 Ve, [2] it is a red dwarf star [8] with a physical radius of 75% that of the Sun. Despite being half the Sun's mass, [9] [10] it is radiating only 9% [11] as much luminosity as the Sun.
A size comparison between R136a1 and the Sun. R136a1 is over forty times the radius of the Sun (42.7 R ☉; 29,700,000 km; 1 ⁄ 7 au) which corresponds to a volume nearly 80,000 times larger than the Sun. [4] R136a1 does not have a well-defined visible surface like the Earth or the Sun.
An equivalent formulation of the old definition of the astronomical unit is the radius of an unperturbed circular Newtonian orbit about the Sun of a particle having infinitesimal mass, moving with a mean motion of 0.017 202 098 95 radians per day. [5] The speed of light in IAU is the defined value c 0 = 299 792 458 m/s of the SI units.
Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (1 part in 10 7) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly 1 millionth (10 −6) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is 5.2 AU from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU; 44,000 mi), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is 30 AU ...
The closest encounter to the Sun so far predicted is the low-mass orange dwarf star Gliese 710 / HIP 89825 with roughly 60% the mass of the Sun. [4] It is currently predicted to pass 0.1696 ± 0.0065 ly (10 635 ± 500 au) from the Sun in 1.290 ± 0.04 million years from the present, close enough to significantly disturb the Solar System's Oort ...