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Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac. The limiting case is anhydramnios , where there is a complete absence of amniotic fluid.
Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of diabetes, advanced maternal age, and ethnicity. Modifiable risk factors include maternal obesity. [ 14 ] There is an elevated demand for insulin during pregnancy which leads to increased insulin production from pancreatic beta cells .
Diabetes is a condition that causes blood sugar levels to become higher than normal. This is due to problems with how the body makes or uses insulin, the hormone that manages blood sugar (glucose ...
Post-maturity is more likely to happen when a mother has had a post-term pregnancy before. After one post-term pregnancy, the risk of a second post-term birth increases by 2 to 3 times. [8] Other, minor risk factors include an older or obese mother, a white mother, male baby, or a family history of post-maturity. [9]
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; [2] however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. [2]
Women with abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid, whether too much (polyhydramnios) or too little (oligohydramnios), are also at risk. [35] Anxiety and depression have been linked as risk factors for preterm birth. [35] [61] The use of tobacco, cocaine, and excessive alcohol during pregnancy increases the chance of preterm delivery.
An AFI smaller than 5–6 cm is considered as oligohydramnios. [3] The exact number can vary by gestational age. The fifth percentile for gestational age is sometimes used as a cutoff value. [7] An AFI larger than 24–25 cm is considered as polyhydramnios. [3] [8]
Risk factors include folate deficiency, drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a mother over the age of 35 years old. [5] [6] Many birth defects are believed to involve multiple factors. [6] Birth defects may be visible at birth or diagnosed by screening tests. [10]