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The erect-crested penguin (Eudyptes sclateri; Māori: Tawaki nana hī) [2] is a penguin endemic to the New Zealand region [3] and only breeds on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands. [4] It has black upper parts, white underparts and a yellow eye stripe and crest. It spends the winter at sea and little is known about its biology and breeding habits.
The crested penguins are all similar in appearance, having sharply delineated black and white plumage with red beaks and prominent yellow crests. Their calls are more complex than those of other species, with several phrases of differing lengths. [9] The royal penguin (mostly) has a white face, while other species have black faces.
Adults have black backs and white abdomens. There are two black bands between the head and the breast, with the lower band shaped in an inverted horseshoe. The head is black with a broad white border that runs from behind the eye, around the black ear-coverts and chin, and joins at the throat.
This species is a medium-sized, yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin, growing to approximately 55 cm (22 in) [6] long and weighing on average 3.5 kg (7.7 lb), with a weight range of 2 to 5 kg (4.4 to 11.0 lb). [6] The face possesses white markings and the front is white while the head and body are black. [6]
It is the second-smallest species of penguin, after the little penguin. Females are usually smaller than males. Galápagos penguins have a black head with a white border running from behind the eye, around the black ear coverts and chin, to join on the throat. The top of the beaks are black and fade into pink on the bottom. [8]
Tux is a penguin character and the official brand character of the Linux kernel. [1] Originally created as an entry to a Linux logo competition, Tux is the most commonly used icon for Linux, although different Linux distributions depict Tux in various styles.
All penguins are countershaded for camouflage – that is, they have black backs and wings with white fronts. [45] A predator looking up from below (such as an orca or a leopard seal) has difficulty distinguishing between a white penguin belly and the reflective water surface. The dark plumage on their backs camouflages them from above.
In 2008, Shirihai treated the little penguin and white-flippered penguin as allospecies. [10] However, as of 2012, the IUCN and BirdLife International consider the white-flippered penguin to be a subspecies or morph of the little penguin. Little penguins from New Zealand and Australia were once considered to be the same species, called ...