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  2. Double negative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_negative

    A double negative is a construction occurring when two forms of grammatical negation are used in the same sentence. This is typically used to convey a different shade of meaning from a strictly positive sentence ("You're not unattractive" vs "You're attractive").

  3. Litotes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litotes

    In rhetoric, litotes (/ l aɪ ˈ t oʊ t iː z, ˈ l aɪ t ə t iː z /, US: / ˈ l ɪ t ə t iː z /), [1] also known classically as antenantiosis or moderatour, is a figure of speech and form of irony in which understatement is used to emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect.

  4. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

    Two examples of affirmation include (1) John is here already [4] and (2) I am a moral person. [5] These two sentences are truth statements, and serve as a representation of affirmation in English. The negated versions can be formed as the statements (1 NEG) John is not here already and (2 NEG) I am not a moral person. (1) a.

  5. Norm of reciprocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_of_reciprocity

    The positive reciprocity norm is a common social expectation in which a person who helps another person can expect positive feedback whether in the form of a gift, a compliment, a loan, a job reference, etc. In social psychology, positive reciprocity refers to responding to a positive action with another positive action (rewarding kind actions).

  6. Double negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_negation

    The rule allows one to introduce or eliminate a negation from a formal proof. The rule is based on the equivalence of, for example, It is false that it is not raining. and It is raining. The double negation introduction rule is: P P. and the double negation elimination rule is:

  7. Reciprocity (social psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(social...

    In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to an action executed by another person with a similar or equivalent action. This typically results in rewarding positive actions and punishing negative ones. [1] As a social construct, reciprocity means that in response to friendly actions, people are generally nicer and more ...

  8. What is 'lemonading'? Why playful people are better at coping ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/lemonading-why-playful...

    A new study finds that playful people are better equipped for navigating tough times — something researchers call "lemonading."

  9. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    The false positive rate (FPR) is the proportion of all negatives that still yield positive test outcomes, i.e., the conditional probability of a positive test result given an event that was not present. The false positive rate is equal to the significance level. The specificity of the test is equal to 1 minus the false positive rate.