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  2. Convergence insufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency

    Convergence insufficiencyis a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular visionsystem, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyesto turn towards each other, or sustain convergence. Symptoms. [edit] The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They ...

  3. Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_therapy_of...

    In a small-scale study, adults whose reading difficulties due to convergence insufficiency had been unsuccessfully addressed by convergence exercises, base-in prism glasses or strabismus surgery showed improved reading after botulinum toxin therapy, maintaining improved reading remaining also after six months.

  4. Suppression (eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_(eye)

    Suppression of an eye is a subconscious adaptation by a person's brain to eliminate the symptoms of disorders of binocular vision such as strabismus, convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia. The brain can eliminate double vision by ignoring all or part of the image of one of the eyes. The area of a person's visual field that is suppressed is ...

  5. Vision therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_therapy

    Fusional amplitude and relative fusional amplitude training are designed to alleviate convergence insufficiency. The CITT study (Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial) was a randomized, double-blind multi-center trial (high level of reliability) indicating that orthoptic vision therapy is an effective method of treatment of convergence ...

  6. Prism fusion range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_fusion_range

    The prism fusion range ( PFR) or fusional vergence amplitude is a clinical eye test performed by orthoptists, optometrists, and ophthalmologists to assess motor fusion, specifically the extent to which a patient can maintain binocular single vision ( BSV) in the presence of increasing vergence demands. Motor fusion is largely accounted to ...

  7. Exotropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotropia

    Specialty. Ophthalmology. Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than exophoria. People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia. Intermittent exotropia is a fairly common condition. "Sensory exotropia" occurs in the presence ...

  8. Presbyopia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyopia

    Presbyopia is physiological insufficiency of accommodation associated with the aging of the eye that results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects. [ 4] Also known as age-related farsightedness [ 5] (or age-related long sight in the UK [ 6] ), it affects many adults over the age of 40.

  9. Hypertropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertropia

    Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes ( strabismus ), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye. Dissociated vertical deviation is a special type of hypertropia leading to slow ...