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  2. Contraction (grammar) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_(grammar)

    A contraction is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.. In linguistic analysis, contractions should not be confused with crasis, abbreviations and initialisms (including acronyms), with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the term ...

  3. Clipping (morphology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipping_(morphology)

    Clipping (morphology) In linguistics, clipping, also called truncation or shortening, [ 1] is word formation by removing some segments of an existing word to create a synonym. [ 2] Clipping differs from abbreviation, which is based on a shortening of the written, rather than the spoken, form of an existing word or phrase.

  4. Transcription (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)

    Transcription should not be confused with translation, which means representing the meaning of text from a source-language in a target language, (e.g. Los Angeles (from source-language Spanish) means The Angels in the target language English); or with transliteration, which means representing the spelling of a text from one script to another.

  5. Copula (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, a copula /‘kɑpjələ/ ( pl.: copulas or copulae; abbreviated cop) is a word or phrase that links the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, such as the word is in the sentence "The sky is blue" or the phrase was not being in the sentence "It was not being cooperative." The word copula derives from the Latin noun for a ...

  6. Wikipedia:List of English contractions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_English...

    you’dn’t’ve. you would not have / you wouldn’t have. you’ll. you shall / you will. you’re. you are. you’ve. you have. ^ Ain’t is used colloquially by some speakers as a substitute for a number of contractions, but is considered incorrect by others.

  7. Filler (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, a filler, filled pause, hesitation marker or planner (sometimes called crutches) is a sound or word that participants in a conversation use to signal that they are pausing to think but are not finished speaking. [ 1][ 2] These are not to be confused with placeholder names, such as thingamajig.

  8. Morphology (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, morphology ( mor-FOL-ə-jee[ 1]) is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language. [ 2][ 3] Most approaches to morphology investigate the structure of words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning.

  9. List of grammatical cases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_grammatical_cases

    Anglo-Norman [citation needed] | Hindi | Old French | Old Provençal | Telugu | Tibetan: Intransitive case (also called passive or patient case) the subject of an intransitive verb or the logical complement of a transitive verb: The door opened languages of the Caucasus | Ainu: Pegative case: agent in a clause with a dative argument: he gave ...