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Rather than a single disease entity, periodontal disease is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical manifestation. The cause includes both local and systemic factors. The disease consists of a chronic inflammation associated with loss of alveolar bone. Advanced disease features include pus and exudates.
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [ 5] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [ 5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide. [ 7][ 8] In its more serious form, called ...
The gums are part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them. Unlike the soft tissue linings of the lips and cheeks, most of the gums are tightly bound to the underlying bone which helps resist the friction of food passing over them. Thus when healthy, it presents an effective barrier to the ...
Oral hygiene. Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's oral cavity clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing of the teeth ( dental hygiene) and adopting good hygiene habits. It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease and bad breath.
Aggressive periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with many complex interactions including host factors, microbiology and genetics. Host defences involve multiple factors; saliva, epithelium, inflammatory response, immune response and chemical mediators.
The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. [147] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. [148] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. [149]
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium, commensal to the human oral cavity, that plays a role in periodontal disease. This organism is commonly recovered from different monocultured microbial and mixed infections in humans and animals. In health and disease, it is a key component of periodontal plaque due to its ...
Oral and maxillofacial pathology refers to the diseases of the mouth ("oral cavity" or "stoma"), jaws ("maxillae" or "gnath") and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin (the skin around the mouth). [ 1][ 2] The mouth is an important organ with many different functions.
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