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Hypertonic Saline which contains sodium chloride works in regulating ICP, intravascular volume and cardiac output without causing significant diuresis, but there are theoretical side effects ranging from neurological complications to subdural hematoma. Hypertonic saline solution has been choice of neuro critical care for the past few years. [1]
Nutritional support is necessary in all patients with acute brain injury. [3] Enteral feeding , or through mouth via tube, is the preferred method, unless contraindicated. [ 3 ] Additional attention must be placed on the solute concentration of the formulations to avoid free water intake, decreased serum osmolality, and worsening of the ...
Mannitol is used intravenously to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, [16] e.g., after head trauma. While mannitol injection is the mainstay for treating high pressure in the skull after a bad brain injury, it is no better than hypertonic saline as a first-line treatment.
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a term used to differentiate brain injuries occurring after birth from injury, from a genetic disorder, or from a congenital disorder. [ 2 ] Unlike a broken bone where trauma to the body is obvious, head trauma can sometimes be conspicuous or inconspicuous.
If there is an intact blood–brain barrier, osmotherapy (mannitol or hypertonic saline) may be used to decrease ICP. [33] It is unclear whether mannitol or hypertonic saline is superior, or if they improve outcomes. [34] [35] Struggling, restlessness, and seizures can increase metabolic demands and oxygen consumption, as well as increasing ...
Central pontine myelinolysis; Other names: Osmotic demyelination syndrome, central pontine demyelination: Axial fat-saturated T2-weighted image showing hyperintensity in the pons with sparing of the peripheral fibers, the patient was an alcoholic admitted with a serum Na of 101 treated with hypertonic saline, he was left with quadriparesis, dysarthria, and altered mental status
Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
The presence of cerebral edema, or other moderate to severe symptoms, may necessitate intravenous hypertonic saline administration with close monitoring of the serum sodium levels to avoid overcorrection. [2] SIADH was originally described in 1957 in two people with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. [3]