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A test tube, also known as a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom. Test tubes are usually placed in special-purpose racks.
In 1915 Corning Glassworks developed their own borosilicate glass, introduced under the name Pyrex. This was a boon to the war effort in the United States. [ 6 ] Though many laboratories turned back to imports after the war ended, research into better glassware flourished.
Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with silica and boron trioxide as the main glass-forming constituents. Borosilicate glasses are known for having very low coefficients of thermal expansion (≈3 × 10 −6 K −1 at 20 °C), making them more resistant to thermal shock than any other common glass.
This process is also used to pour a large-mouthed flask or beaker into a test tube. [4] Glass rods can also be used to induce crystallization in a recrystallization procedure, when they are used to scratch the inside surface of a test tube or beaker. They can also break up an emulsion during an extraction. [5] Stir rod in beaker
A test tube holder is used to hold test tubes. [1] It is used for holding a test tube in place [2] when the tube is hot or should not be touched. [3] For example, a test tube holder can be used to hold a test tube while it is being heated. [4]
Flat-bottomed flask: A flask with similar uses as the round-bottom flask, but with a flat bottom that allows it to stand on a level surface.; Florence flask: A flask similar to the flat-bottomed flask that has round bodies and either a round bottom or a flat bottom so that one can stand the flask on a level surface.
The presence of a spout means that the beaker cannot have a lid. However, when in use, beakers may be covered by a watch glass to prevent contamination or loss of the contents, but allowing venting via the spout. Alternatively, a beaker may be covered with another larger beaker that has been inverted, though a watch glass is preferable.
Older clear-glass Pyrex manufactured by Corning, Arc International's Pyrex products, and Pyrex laboratory glassware are made of borosilicate glass. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology , borosilicate Pyrex is composed of (as percentage of weight): 4.0% boron , 54.0% oxygen , 2.8% sodium , 1.1% aluminum , 37.7% silicon ...
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